Carbureter.



x\ ROLLIN ABELL, F MIIriTON, MASSACHUS'T RATION, 0F LOS ANGELES, CALIFOR S, ASSIGNOR TO J. B. CARBURETOR CORPO-` A, A CORPORATION OF CALIFORNIA.

CARBURETEB.

neeaoai'.

speciiication of Letters Patent.

Patented May c, 191s.

` kOriginal application led November 9, 1911, Serial No. 659,139.3; Divided and this application filed October 14, 1915. Serial No. 55,801.

Jzen of the United Milton,

Tol'aZZ rwhom# may concern:

Be it known that I, RoLLiN Annu., a citi- States, and `resident; of in the county of Norfolk and State ofMassachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carbureters, of which the following is a specification.

This yinvention relates to carbureters, and

application Serial No. 659,393, filed NovemX ber 9 1911, ent No. 1,158,359, dated October 26,1915.

The carburetor, in so far as the present application is concerned, embodies a structure whereby the starting of an internal f combustion engine is facilitated and whereby lthe continued carbureting operation is -facilitated. For the purpose of facilitating starting,v the seal theprimary air conduit with gasolene or whatever liquid hydrocarbon fuel is used, the -bulk of sealing liquid being sosmall that it is readily carried olf by the air which passes through the primary 'air conduit,l and, when so carried oli", the seal is disrupted and cannot form again so long as thelow of air .through the primary air eoonduit is continued. The seal, however,

forms. automatically whenever the flow of air lthrough the primary air conduit ceases, andconsequently there will always be in the primary air conduit, when starting, a suiii- :cientquantity of liquid fuel to wet the walls of the mixing chamber land to insure a combustible mixture, regardless of weather conditions.

After the sealing liquid has been carried offi'as hereinbefore explained, the liquid fuel iowsbygravityinto the primary air conduit, andthe carbureting operation is therefore eifected more easily than would be the l casefif air tension were required to lift theI liquid to the point where it could be atomized;

While the carbureter is .in'operation the discharge of liquid fuel into the primary air conduit is controlled by a valve. At the saine time, a secondary supply of air is admitted in'to the mixing chamber under the control of a gravity-closed valve which is free torise andfall as the air tension set up by the engine increases vor diminishes. The; volumfeof the vsecondary supply of air willA be the difference. between the capacity which resulted in Letters Pat-a carbureter is constructed to'v of the primary air conduit and the volume vrequiredfbythe engine, the air tension in constant-'at all speeds of the engine. The aforesaid' connection between the two valves is capable of adjustment for the purpose of varying the proportion of liquid fuel relatively tothe air. Of the accompanying drawings, which illustrate one :form in which the present invention may be embodied: l

Figure l represents a vertical section through a carbureter whose parts are in normal position, asv when the device is not operating. 1

Fig. 2 represents a horizontal cross seej'ion in the plane indicated by line 2-2 of rhe saine reference characters indicate the same parts wherever they occur` The carbureter comprises a casing 10 which provides a fuel chamber 11, and a casing 12 which provides a mixing chamber 13. I have shown means for automatically feeding liquid fuel such as gasolene into the chamber 11 to a predetermined level, and the supply pipe therefor will be coupledto a nipple 14. The delivery of fuel into the chamber 11 will be controlled by a valve 15, float lever 16 and float 17. liquid fuel maintained by the-float will be at or near line a". Y n

The easing 10 is covered by f: plate 18, and the casing 12 is aiiixed to said plate by screws 19. Lugs 20 are formed on the bottom of the casing 12 to provide a suiiicient space 21 between the two casings to admit and liquid fuel' are maintained substantially The level of the air supply. The primary air'` supply Hows downwardly from the space 21 into a well 22 and thence upwardly through a tubular member 23 whose upper end is arranged inthe mixing chamber 13. The well 22 is formed in a sleeve 24, the latter being.

formed, in the present instance, as an intenecessary `passageways Afor theprimary' air i to liow from the space 21 into the well.

The secondary air flows directly from'the space 121 into the mixingchamber 13 through an opening 26 in the bottom of said chamber. rI his opening is normally closed or substantially-'closed by a secondary air valve 27.

The wall 28 is-tapered so as'to admit an increasing volume of secondary air as the valve 27 rises. A'post 29'isaiiixedto the cover plate 18 and extendstlirqughthe valve 27. This post has a bottomshoulder 30 upon which the valve rests when in its lowest position. The upward movement of the valve is limited by a collar 31- on the post, said collar in the present instance lbeing inthe form of a nut and being screwed upon the post. The chief function of the post is to prevent rotation of the valve 27, for a purpose hereinafter described. The fuel flows from the chamber 11 through a duct 32 in' the member 24 to a ver- ,tical duct 33. 4Duct 33 extends through a ,delivery nozzle 34 whose upper end is a sufficient distance below the normal level 't0 of liquid, to enable l'the liquid to overflow into the well 22. Consequently, when the device is not operating, the liquid fuel will fill the well 22 as well as the chamber 11 upI to the 'level w. "Inasmuh as the tube 2 3 eX- tends a substantiall distance below the level of the liquid, the primary air conduit will be normallysealed by liquid fuel. l/Vhen the device is operating, the discharge of liquid from the nozzle 34 is controlled by a valve 40 35. This valve is connected to the secondary air valve 27 so as to be opened and Yclosed automatically as the latter opens and closes. For this purpose the tube 23 is connected to the valve 27 by screw-threads 3G, said tube being. thus caused to rise and fall with the secondary air valve. The fuel valve 35 is carried by a pin 37 which in turn is carried by'the tube. The pin-receiving hole 38 of the fuel valve is enough larger than the pin to @fable the valve to be centered by the nozzle 34 and to) move freely up and down in the nozzle without binding therein. The screw-threaded connection vbetween the tube 23 andivalve 27 is provided for the purpose of adjusting the vfuel valve relatively to thevalve 27. I have shown a spur gear39 arranged tomesh with the teeth 25 of the tube.' Gear 39 is niounfedfupon a stud 40 set inthe plate 18. `When the gear is rotated it 'will screw the'tube up or down relatively to thevalve 27, according to the direction of `rotation, and the relation of the two valves will be thus varied. It mayv beexplained at this time that the chief function of the post 29 is to hold the valve 27 coil, the inner end'thereofbeing anchored to the stud 4Q in a slot 42 formed therein.

against rotation so that the desired .adjustment of the fuel lvalve'will be insured whenthe tube is rotated. It may also be explained that the teeth 25 of the tube may slide up and down freely between the teeth of the gear 39. i. I have shown a thermo-responsive 'element 41 arranged to act upon the gear 39 to adjust the valve 35 automatically according to the temperature of said element. The element 41 may be made of laminas of different materials such as steel and brass which have unequal expandingand contractin actions. TheJ element 41 as shown is in the orm of a The outer end of the element 41 has a tongue 43 which is arranged in one of a series-of holes 44 formed in the gear 39. IThe inner' end. of the element 41 being held stationary, '8B

the outer end of said element will turn the gear 39 in one direction to raise the valve 35 L as the temperature fallsyor in the opposite direction to lower said valve as the temperature rises. The tongue 43 may be taken out 90V of the hole which it occupies and the gear 39 may be turned to bring another one of said holes into tongue-receiving position., this adjustment as between the elementi41 and gear39 alording thc desired initial ad- 95 justment of the valve 35 relatively to the valve 27 and'being the onlynianual adjustment required. y In order to explain the operation of the carbureter it will be assumed that the carbureter vis attached to a manifold o r Aother pipe (notshown) of an internal combustion engine, and that the combustible mixture will flow into said manifold or pipe through the outlet `45. Assuming `that the engine is at rest, it is evident that liquid fuelwill lill the chamber 11, well 22 and tube 23, u to the normal level, which is a substantie distance above the top of the nozzle 34.4 The primary air conduit is thus sealed by,the liquid fuel, and the secondary air conduit or' opening 26 will be' normally or initially closed or substantially closed by the valve 27. I have said substantially closed4 be. cause although the secondary air valve 27 would preferably completely close the opening 26 there might be a slight leaktgewhen the valve is in its lowest position. owever, for practical purposes it is sullicient if/ the secondary airopening is closed to such extent that upon starting the engine the suction caused bythe first intake stroke of the engine will draw a substantial volume of ail-.through the primary air conduit. The"V first intake stroke' will therefore cause the air to llow through theprimary air conduit with suliicient velocity to'disrupt the seal and carry the sealing fuel upwardly through the tube 23 and into the mixing chamber .13. lt is thus assured that the first chargewhich illll CJI goes to the engine will. be enriched sufficiently to insure prompt combustion. As the speed ot the engine increases, the force of the intake suction increases accordingly, and when the combined weight of the valve 2l', tube 25 and valve is insufficient to sustain the teneion they will be drawn upwardly to admit the secondary supply of air and an increasing volume of liquid fuel. `The secondary air opening' ,grows larger as the valve 27 rises, and consequently the valve is always balanced with relation to the air tension on the one hand and the wei ght of the Valves 27 and and tube Q3 on the other hand. The valve is tapered so that it will increase the discharge of liquid fuel from the nozzle sul staiitially in. proportion to the increase of the supply.

l'uasinuch as the tapering wall 28 takes care of `variations in the demand for air, the tension and velocity of air in the tube will be constant. This constant velocity, as determined. by the weight of the two valves ,E37 and and the tube 23, is sufficient to carryr off the liquid as fast aslhe latter is discharged from the nozzle,` 5o that itjie impossible for the liquid to' accumulate in the primary air conduit while there is \i'aeuuin tension in the ,mixingchamber. As Soon, however, as the engine Stops, the two valves and the tube 23 drop to the 'position shown, the fuel valve alinost but notp coiniletely closing the outlet of the nozzle. Liquid fuel will therefore continue to overflow the nozzle until it has risen inthe tube and 'in the well 'E22 to its normal level above the top of the nozzle. The lviriinary'7 air conduit is thus automatically Sealed again to 'ineurepronipt eoiiions'tion when the engine next Started.

l elaine.:

l. il' carl'iureter comprising' a well for liquid fuel, a nozzle extenifling upwardly in aaid well, saidrwell havin@ an open ing above the top of Said nozzle to admit air, a suction tube arranged to carry air and liquid iuel from saidv well, the lower end of said tube Surrounding' said nozzle below the top of the latter. and means; arranged to feed liquid fuel through said nozzle to a predetermined level above the top of said nozzle,

said well and Silit-,tion tube cooperating to iorin an. air passageway to conduct air downwardly fron: said opening,- toa plane helow said predetermined level and below the top of said nozzle.

'2. fr carburetor noniprieingg a substantially zal air auction tube arranged to auch upwa illy., a liquid fuel nozzle, the deait livery end of which is a iraiiged within said tnhr, and' arranged to discharge upwardly, and moana arranged 'to feed liquid fuel .through Said nozzle to a predetermined lerel above the top of said nozzle, tubo ai al nozzle being proportioned 'to restrict the air paesageway and liquid outlet so that the airV sucked through said tube will .have suiii- Acient 'velocity to atoinize and carry off the liquid which issues from said nozzle, and

means arranged to prevent overflow of liq'uid tion valve, a fuel valve adapted to eoperate with said inspirator nozzle and means for noiinallj,Y adjusting; it to eause fuel to creep over the tip of said nozzlevinto the bottoni of the air chamber and. ineens to force the air through or over the puddle on its way to the mixing' chamber7 for the purpose described.

l. ln a carburetor, a mixing chamber, an

`air chamber for both inain and auxiliary air and a fuel chamber, mounted .in a lino one above the other, a suction'valve between' the mixing' and air chambers, a fuel valve carried thereby, a fuelpuddle chamber n n iep'ral with the air chamber aiulf-ixtending downward into the fuel chainber, an inspirator nozzle 'mounted in the air chamber and adapted to cooperate with the' fuel rali'e which isnornially so adjustedwith respect lto the nozzle as to allow the fuel to' creep over into the puddle chamber` for the purpose described. f

,l carburetor comprising a mixing chamber having an air inlet at lhe bottom and a frusto-oonical internal Surface taperq ing;` toward Said inlet, a gravity-oijieiated air-valve arranged in said chainller to coact with said surface to regulate the inflow of air through said inlet. a well arranged be neatli. said. inlet, 1he lop of said well being open to the atinof-ipliere to adinit air, a tubular valve-stein carried bysaid airwalve and projecting into Said well to guide the Valve and to eonduet fuel from Said well into Said mixing clia.inber,'said well. and said Valve- .steni providing a passageway for conducting air downwardly externally of the valvestein, a stationary inspirator nozzle projecting upwardly inte said valve-stem, means arranged to feed liquid fuel 'through said nozzle vto a lei/'el above the mouth of the latter, and a tapered needlevalve arranged within and carried by said valve-stein to lll) more up or clown in said nozzle said airvalve moves up or'down.

6. AL earbui'eter comprising a mixing chamber having an' air inlet at the bottom and a frutto-conical internal surface tapering' toward said inlet, a gravityopi-wrated air-valve arranged in said chamber to eoact with said surface to regulate the inflow air` through Said inlet', a chamber for liquid fuel arranged beneath Said inlet. a si'al'ion 'ing said nozzle,

ary nozzle projecting ,upwardly in the latter chamber, means arranged to feed liquid fuel throughV said nozzle, a tubular valve-stem carried by 'said valve and projecting downwardly therefrom to conduct fuel from the latter chamber to said mixing chamber, the lower portion of said valve-stem surrounda tapered needle-valve arranged within and carried by said valvestem to move up and down in said nozzle, said air-valve and said valve-stem having connecting screw-threads to permit adjustv ment of the latter relatively to lsaid airto regulate the amount of fuel passing therethrough, said fuel valve having a self-alin ing point, for the purpose described.

8. In a carbureter, a mixing chamber, a main air chamber, 'afuel chamber, said main air vchamber being supported on said fuel chamber and having a central annular air funnel projecting downward into the fuel chamber, an inspirator mounted within said air funnel and lhaving an opening into the fuel chamber, a suction valve between said mixing and air chambers, a fuel valve adapted tol coact with said inspirator and controlled by. said suction valve to regulate the iow of fuel through the inspirator.

9. In a carbureter, a mixing chamber, a

mainA air chamber and fuel chamber, said air chamber havlng an air funnel extendmg downward into the fuel chamber, an inspira- 45 'tor mounted within said air funnel, a circu lar port'opening between the mixing and airv chambers, a hollow suction valve, seated in said port and extending downward into-the air funnel of said ,air chamber and encompassing said inspirator, and a fuel valve carried by said suction valve to regulate the flow of fuel through said inspirator. 10. In a carburetor, a mixing chamber, a main air chamber and a fuel chamber saigl air chamber having an air funnel extending downward into the fuel chamber, an inspirator mounted within said air funnel, a circular port opening between the mixing and air chambers, a hollow suction valve seated in said port and extending ,downward nearly to the bottom of the air funnel of said air chamber and surrounding the inspirator whereby air is drawn downward outside said valve and upward inside by the top of said inspirator, and a fuel valve supported within the hollow part of said suction valve and controlled thereby for regulating the fuel through said inspirator.

`1l. In a carburetor, a mixing chamber, a 70v fuel chamber, an air chamber having an air funnel extending below the level of the fuel in the fuel chamber, an inspirator located in the air funnel and having an opening therein connecting with the 4fuel chamber, 75 an opening between the mixing and air chambers, a suction valve seated in said opening, a fuel valve to coact with said inspirator and controlled by said suction, valve. 8o

In testimony whereof I have aiixed my signature.

ROLLIN ABELL. 

